In the 20 years since it was established, DHS has become the largest federal law enforcement agency in the government, with more than 240,000 employeesmore than twice the size of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), the lead department charged with law enforcement activities.13 DHSs budget has also more than doubled in size since its founding, from roughly $30 billion in fiscal year 2004 to more than $64 billion in FY 2018not counting disaster relief funds, which vary depending on emergencies that happen each year. DHS Assistant Secretary of Operations - Dulce Quintero. Department of Homeland Security Organizational Chart, available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, FY 2020 Budget in Brief (Washington: 2020), available at, Warrick and Durkovich, Future of DHS Project; Cordero, Reforming the Department of Homeland Security Through Enhanced Oversight & Accountability., Partnership for Public Service, Best Places to Work Agency Rankings (Washington: 2021), available at, Manny Fernandez and others, People Actively Hate Us: Inside the Border Patrols Morale Crisis,, Tal Kopan, Trumps executive orders dramatically expand power of immigration officers, CNN, January 28, 2017, available at, Paul J. Angelo, Why Central American Migrants Are Arriving at the U.S. Border (Washington: Council on Foreign Relations, 2021), available at, Anneliese Hermann, Asylum in the Trump Era: The Quiet Dismantling of National and International Norms (Washington: Center for American Progress, 2018), available at, Center for Migration Studies, President Bidens Executive Action on immigration, available at, Bill Whitaker, SolarWinds: How Russian Spies Hacked the Justice, State, Treasury, Energy, and Commerce Departments, CBS News, February 14, 2021, available at, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, About CISA, available at. During the Trump administration, however, the focus of DHS shifted squarely toward heavy-handed enforcement designed to terminate access to the country for asylum-seekers.48 The Biden administration has taken a different approach to border management and is beginning to reverse policies and repair the damage made to the immigration and asylum systems during the Trump administration.49 However, many challenges persist and demonstrate the need for a reorientation of cultural norms at DHS. There is no other department better suited to coordinate effective federal emergency response; communicate threat information between the public and private sectors; provide a working, humane approach to border management; facilitate an integrated cybersecurity and infrastructure capacity; and implement effective approaches to counter the threats from domestic extremism fueled by white supremacy and the rise of anti-government militias. Observers across the political spectrum have argued that, in the rush to stand up a new department, disparate components of the federal bureaucracy were shoe-horned into DHS, with mixed results.6 Todays DHS claims a role in most national security issuesand a number of issues that fall outside of national securitybut there are few areas where DHS leads the governments response and even fewer where it does so well and without controversy. Some of these include protecting critical infrastructure, including electricity and election security; administering citizenship and immigration services; and countering terrorism. Going forward, DHS should reorganize its activities around roles in connecting, communicating, facilitating, welcoming, and helpingin addition to a recalibrated role for protecting, securing, preventing, and enforcing. DHS also has a traditional role in disaster relief services that should be expanded. It is the way in which a company or organization is organized, including the types of relationships that exist between the directors . It has also warped the public perception of migrants as well as the political debate about immigration policy and has sidelined the service provider components of DHS which encompass the equally important mission of facilitating travel, trade, and administration of immigration benefits. The governments current mechanisms for communicating threat information to the public and private sectors are inadequate. As part of reform efforts in 2006 after DHSs failed response to Hurricane Katrina, the Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) was established as an intelligence entity within DHS that would inform department operations and connect it to other federal intelligence efforts. CAP believes that DHS should take a broader view of what it means to keep the nation secure. The . It should invest its unique capacity to analyze and contextualize threats to land, sea, and air borders and ports of entry and to deliver intelligence to state, local, tribal, and territorial partners. But with shared objectives in gaining a more effective agency that can deliver for and to the American people, it can be done. In this role, he leads more than 60,000 employees and ensures the advancement of the agency's mission, strategic objectives, and related Administration priorities. Acronym Glossary Who we are The Minnesota Department of Human Services is an organization of individuals with a commitment to bettering the lives of Minnesotans. CBP, under DHS, is charged with functions that range from countering terrorism, securing the border, and facilitating trade and travel. } subscribe.submit(); The current administration should evaluate how much of this realignment can be done within existing statutory functions and what requires congressional assistance and legislation. Citizenship And Immigration Services Ombudsman, This page was not helpful because the content. Chief Information Officer - Steve Buche. And how can DHS provide value to the American people and those who visit or seek safety or opportunity here? First, DHS should adopt a service-oriented approach to citizenship and immigration services that is welcoming to immigrants and the U.S. citizens and residents hoping to sponsor them. Working as the Nations risk advisor, the CISA partners with the private and public sectors to defend against threats and build more secure and resilient infrastructure for the future.61 DHS should scale efforts being led by the CISA to prioritize partnership with stakeholders across its missions and priorities. DHS must recognize that many serious challenges to Americas safety and security originate at home or are largely borderless by nature. )M&bmVAi[-yH]R$[T >sp6Ih9}gOEj@0!C~oB?gc&q c)m1sm4`8RD? The Coast Guard provides perhaps the best example, balancing its search and rescue missions with its clear and tailored drug and migrant interdiction roles. CISA is one of DHSs most visible success stories. Both FPS and ICE perform primarily law enforcement functions that do not enable other safety and services functions within DHS to operate. This fractured structure makes it nearly impossible for DHS headquarters leaders to manage the department effectively or efficiently.36 CAP has joined the Atlantic Council and the CNAS in calling for consolidated oversight of DHS.37 In addition, six former secretaries and acting secretaries of homeland security recently signed a letter to congressional leadership calling for the House and Senate to consolidate congressional oversight of DHS in a single authorizing committeeas is done for other departments such as the Department of Defense.38 A more streamlined structure under one authorizing and one appropriating committeesuch as that governing the Pentagon post-Goldwater-Nichols reform, where oversight was centralized under the Armed Services committeeswould allow lawmakers to more effectively oversee the broad range of the departments activities and ensure they are properly balanced against the agencys overall priorities.39 The recent memorandum of understanding announced by Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi is a welcome step toward improving oversight coordination among the various committees that have jurisdiction over DHS, but more work is needed to centralize authority under the Committee on Homeland Security in the House and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs in the Senate.40. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Threat Assessment (Washington: 2020), available at https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2020_10_06_homeland-threat-assessment.pdf. The Center for American Progress is an independent nonpartisan policy institute that is dedicated to improving the lives of all Americans through bold, progressive ideas, as well as strong leadership and concerted action. As extreme weather events and changing environments become more common, DHS should quarterback incident response, leading coordination with state and local officials, leveraging its flexible and responsive capabilities, and drawing on capacity within other federal departments and agencies. !f1!Belqe0-{eQ%!Fq\\O!CaOL9'tMf1lPEM>HsU ^4!ha.p5Gu+24r3eG~u!P A=hu3~>i8o5 B@bVBiKdY)VY;V!8a&6 e.b*T { document.getElementById('search-form').focus(); }, 300);">, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-114hhrg99575/html/CHRG-114hhrg99575.htm, https://reason.com/2015/06/23/president-bush-was-right-before-he-was-w/, https://newrepublic.com/article/147099/dismantle-department-homeland-security, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Future-of-DHS-Key-Findings-and-Recommendations.pdf, https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/19/politics/mayorkas-opening-statement-excerpts/index.html, https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/PA683.pdf, 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https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/news/press-releases/former-and-acting-secretaries-of-homeland-security-sign-open-letter-on-consolidating-congressional-jurisdiction-over-dhs/, https://www.lawfareblog.com/modernizing-department-homeland-security, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1205_dhs-organizational-chart.pdf, https://www.tsa.gov/sites/default/files/resources/tsaatglance_factsheet.pdf, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0318_MGMT_FY-2020-Budget-In-Brief.pdf, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/FY-2021-CBJ-Final.pdf, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Org-Directory.pdf, https://bestplacestowork.org/rankings/overall/large, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/15/us/border-patrol-culture.html, https://www.wola.org/analysis/fixing-a-culture-protects-rewards-abuse-us-border-agencies/, https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/28/politics/donald-trump-immigration-detention-deportations-enforcement/index.html, 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https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2019/04/02/467776/building-meaningful-civil-rights-liberties-oversight-u-s-department-homeland-security/, Preventing a terrorist attack within the United States, Reducing the United States vulnerability to terrorism, Minimizing the damage and assisting in the recovery from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States, Carrying out all functions of entities transferred to the department, including responding to natural and human-made disasters, Ensuring that missions related to homeland security are fulfilled, Ensuring that such activities do not affect the overall economic security of the United States, Monitoring connections between illegal drug trafficking and terrorism, U.S. House of Representatives, Making DHS More Efficient: Industry Recommendations to Improve Homeland Security, September 18, 2015, available at, See, for example, Matt Meyer, Why We Should Eliminate the Department of Homeland Security, Reason, June 23, 2015, available at, For example, Thomas Warrick and Caitlin Durkovich, Future of DHS Project: Key Findings and Recommendations (Washington: Atlantic Council, 2020) available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Mission, available at, CNN, Excerpts from Bidens DHS pick Alejandro Mayorkas opening statement, January 19, 2021, available at, David Rittgers, Abolish the Department of Homeland Security (Washington: Cato Institute, 2011), available at, U.S. House of Representatives, Making DHS More Efficient., See, for example, Meyer, Why We Should Eliminate the Department of Homeland Security; Ford, Dismantle the Department of Homeland Security., See, for example, Warrick and Durkovich, Future of DHS Project., Danyelle Solomon, Tom Jawetz, and Sanam Malik, The Negative Consequences of Entangling Local Policing and Immigration Enforcement (Washington: Center for American Progress, 2017), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Creation of the Department of Homeland Security, available at, Harold C. Relyea, Homeland Security: Department Organization and ManagementImplementation Phase (Washington: Congressional Research Service, 2005), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, About DHS, available at, Congressional Research Service, Trends in the Timing and Size of DHS Appropriations: In Brief (Washington: 2019), available at, Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 296, 107th Congress, 2nd sess. The departments founding mission to prevent another 9/11-style attack continues to influence its outsize focus on counterterrorismdespite the fact that DHSs ability to prevent terrorism is limited, and entities such as the FBI and NCTC are often in the lead statutorily. The organizational chart for DHS suggests that the secretary and deputy secretary are responsible for overseeing 23 separate bureaus and agencies ranging in size from the Office of Public Affairs to the entire U.S. Coast Guard to the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), which has 65,000 employees.41 Yet the resources for the secretary of DHS pale in comparison to those of other federal agencies: The State Departments Office of the Secretary had some $57 million for FY 2019 and 75 employees to oversee a bureaucracy of 70,000 personnel while DHSs had just $19 million for FY 2018 and 68 employees for a bureaucracy of 240,000.42 Studies by the Atlantic Council and the CNAS recently proposed the creation of an associate secretary position to improve coordination and management at the highest levels of the department.43 While more bureaucracy is not always the answer, the current secretarys office does not have the personnel, resources, or authority to effectively lead a department of DHSs size today. At the same time, past mistakes in prevention-based programs have been well documented, and a more proactive government approach must carefully consider potential risks to civil rights and liberties when designing programs to counter violent extremism of any ideological bent.54. While the department will continue its efforts to protect, secure, prevent, and enforce,4 CAP proposes a strategic shift to a safety and services framework for DHS that would bring the departments existing responsibilities into balance and realign its priorities around five new core values: connecting, communicating, facilitating, welcoming, and helping. Advancing Racial Equity and Justice, Building an Economy for All, Restoring Social Trust in Democracy, Biden Administration, Foreign Policy, Immigration, National Security+4More. Silva Mathema is the acting director of Immigration Policy at the Center. if(subscribe.checkValidity()) { Without strengthened protections and an ethos committed to protecting all Americans equally, such sharing may do more harm than good. Congress has repeatedly attempted to guide DHS and shape the prioritization of its missions but has achieved little success. I&A should reduce or eliminate its efforts to provide strategic intelligence on counterterrorism trends that are well covered by other departments and agencies. As then-nominee Alejandro Mayorkas argued in his confirmation hearing, DHS is and should be fundamentally, a department of partnerships.5 He is right. A member of the IC, it is charged statutorily with delivering intelligence to state, local, tribal, and territorial officials, as well as private sector partners, and with developing intelligence from those partners for DHS and the IC.20 The under secretary of I&A is also the chief intelligence officer of the department, overseeing the intelligence activities of the various DHS component agencies. This initiative would be part of efforts to develop a pipeline of leaders, encourage creativity and innovation, and drive a cultural shift within the department toward its new service-oriented framework. See U.S. Agency for Global Media, Legislation: Facts About Smith-Mundt Modernization, available at, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Statement from CISA Director Krebs Following Final Day of Voting, Press release, November 4, 2020, available at, AllOnGeorgia, TSA Touting Success: 10 Million Pre-Check Enrollees, March 9, 2020, available at, American Civil Liberties Union, National Security Entry-Exit Registration System; American Civil Liberties Union, Secure Communities (S-COMM); Aarti Kohli, Peter L. Markowitz, and Lisa Chavez, Secure Communities by the Numbers: An Analysis of Demographics and Due Process (Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley Law School, 2011), available at, American Immigration Lawyers Association, Walled Off: How USCIS Has Closed Its Doors on Customers and Strayed from Its Statutory Customer Service Mission, February 12, 2021, available at, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Trade, available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5, available at, Lisa Fernandez, @ljfernandez, February 19, 2021, 3:45 p.m. And those who visit or seek safety or opportunity here securing the border, facilitating. Then-Nominee Alejandro Mayorkas argued in his confirmation hearing, DHS is and should be expanded: 2020 ), at. Or opportunity here Alejandro Mayorkas argued in his confirmation hearing, DHS is and should be fundamentally, Department! 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