professor michael clarke biography

The expression of the E1A gene in both viruses is controlled by a minimal dual-specificity promoter that responds to estrogens and hypoxia. Sequences within this region were identical to those previously determined for the exons of the normal human c-sis gene. The combination of IL-3 + GM-CSF + Epo generated the most prolific cultures with an order of magnitude increase in nonadherent cell production from weeks 2 through 8 in culture as compared with unsupplemented controls. It has been viewed by tens of millions of people around the world, including in China, where Sandel was named the "most . Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in normal and malignant hematopoieis. Expression of p16Ink4a and p19Arf in normal HSCs resulted in proliferative arrest and p53-dependent cell death, respectively. Stem cells in normal breast development and breast cancer. A., Chen, L., Levy, R. Removal of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus from human-in-mouse breast tumor xenografts by cell-sorting. Prof Mike Clarke is Professor of Zoology at La Trobe University. Thus, bcl-2 protects cells from p53-dependent radiation-induced apoptotic cell death and attenuates p53-independent radiation-induced cell death. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2006.08.011, View details for Web of Science ID 000241320300009, View details for Web of Science ID 000238326700034. CDX2 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Stage II and Stage III Colon Cancer. Other pathways have not been previously implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell functions, including Ribosome and T Cell Receptor Signaling pathway. An alternately spliced c-myb mRNA encodes a truncated version of p75c-myb (mbm2) that includes the DNA binding region and nuclear localization signal present in the c-myb protein, but does not contain the transcriptional regulatory regions. However, no indomethacin or ETYA inhibition of oxygen utilization was detected in the presence of 1 mM KCN, suggesting that the inhibitable portion of the respiratory burst observed with indomethacin or ETYA was dependent on mitochondrial respiration. Specifically, in the presence of CSC, we identified an increased number of branches, branch points, ducts which have greater than 40 branches (5/33 for CSC and 0/39 for non-CSC), and histological evidence of increased branching. By complementation of the E1a protein in trans, Ad5ERE2 allows restricted replication of a conventional E1a-deleted adenoviral vector. He was the Director General of the Royal United Services Institute from 2007 to 2015, having previously been Professor of Defence Studies at King's College London since 1995. He has been a member of the AHRC Peer Review College and a Strategic Reviewer for the AHRC. Professor Michael Clarke is a Fellow of King's College London. All together, these findings link important stem cell regulators like Bmi1/Usp16 and Cdkn2a to Wnt signaling, and have implications for designing therapies for conditions, like DS, aging or degenerative diseases, where the Wnt pathway is hampered. Only those cells within a tumor that have these two properties are called cancer stem cells. View details for Web of Science ID A1991GR93700016. Lee, J. J., Rothenberg, M. E., Seeley, E. S., Zimdahl, B., Kawano, S., Lu, W., Shin, K., Sakata-Kato, T., Chen, J. K., Diehn, M., Clarke, M. F., Beachy, P. A. Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells. Who we Are. We tested northstar on data from glioblastoma, melanoma, and seven different healthy tissues and obtained high accuracy and robustness. The results of in vitro GTPase single-turnover assays using Galpha(i) indicated that RGS18 accelerates the intrinsic GTPase activity of Galpha(i). Ryan, J. J., Prochownik, E., Gottlieb, C. A., Apel, I. J., Merino, R., Nunez, G., Clarke, M. F. CELL-CYCLE ANALYSIS OF P53-INDUCED CELL-DEATH IN MURINE ERYTHROLEUKEMIA-CELLS. Frequently, overexpression of a member of the Bcl-2 family results in a block in cell death and appears to nullify many built-in cellular defense mechanisms against cancer. GSE professors bring the latest advances in the social sciences, technology and teacher preparation to the field of education. The Bcl-XL protein is a recently discovered member of the bcl-2 family which has been shown to protect cells from some forms of programmed cell death, but has not yet been implicated in the genesis of human carcinomas. He is an adviser to two Parliamentary Committees and Associate Director of the Strategy and Security Institute at the University of Exeter. Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Cancer Stem Cells Reply, Solid tumor cancer stem cells: From bench to bedside, ASXL1 regulates cellular differentiation and initiates tumorigenesis in colon. Mouse RGS18 is expressed from a single gene and shows tissue specific distribution. It is likely that targeting cancer cell self-renewal pathways will result in more effective cancer therapies. The inhibitory effect on F-MEL differentiation appeared to be independent of the early decline in c-myc transcripts which were normally regulated in all cases examined. Filter By. His writingson justice, ethics, democracy, and markets--have been translated into 27 languages. Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) can infect transplantable mouse tumors or xenograft tumors in mice through LDV-contaminated mouse biological materials, such as Matrigel, or through mice infected with LDV. Schwartz, R. M., Caldwell, J., Clarke, M. F., Emerson, S. G., Palsson, B. O. INVITRO MYELOPOIESIS STIMULATED BY RAPID MEDIUM EXCHANGE AND SUPPLEMENTATION WITH HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH-FACTORS. Patients who do poorly despite ABMT have a mediastinal primary site, true cisplatin-refractory disease, disease progression prior to ABMT, and/or markedly elevated betaHCG at ABMT. We report here that the genes for HLA class I antigens are also highly methylated in the T-ALL T-cell lines relative to the same genes in the ATL T-cell lines, normal peripheral blood T cells, and autologous normal B-cell lines. Diehn, M., Cho, R. W., Ailles, L., Lam, J. S., Kaplan, M. J., Somlo, G., Weissman, I. L., Clarke, M. F. Implications of Cancer Stem Cells for Tumor Metastasis. It was found that a single mutation of Arg-306 resulted in the defect of p53 nuclear import. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show that Bcl11b induces cells to enter the G0 phase of the cell cycle and become quiescent. It is clear that new approaches are needed to treat these diseases. We developed an immunodeficient mouse model to test the tumorigenic potential of different populations of cancer cells derived from primary, unmanipulated human HNSCC samples. View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0703478104, View details for Web of Science ID 000247363000044, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1891215. Wild-type p53 plays a crucial role in the control of apoptosis following ionizing radiation (IR); conversely, mutant p53 is associated with IR resistance. In a pooled database of all patient cohorts, the rate of 5-year disease-free survival was higher among 23 patients with stage II CDX2-negative tumors who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy than among 25 who were not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (91% vs. 56%, P=0.006). Treatment with anti-human DLL4 inhibited the expression of Notch target genes and reduced proliferation of tumor cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Bcl11b acts as acentral intrinsic regulator of mammary epithelial stem cell quiescence and exhaustion and is necessary for long-term maintenance of the mammary gland. This concept was first demonstrated in the study of leukemia where only cells with specific surface antigen profiles were able to cause leukemia when engrafted into immunodeficient mice. While the class is nonetheless challenging, Professor Clark does his best to help all students pass. Clarke, Clifton - Professor: Business Management Clement, Anthony E. - Associate Professor: Mathematics Cohen, Douglas - Lecturer/Doctoral Scholar: . Biography. Cancer stem cells and tumor metastasis: First steps into uncharted territory, Bmi-1-green fluorescent protein-knock-in mice reveal the dynamic regulation of Bmi-1 expression in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells. Growing up on Chicago's South Side in the 1960s and 1970s, Michael Clarke Duncan experienced poverty and crime as an unfortunately normal part of life. Limited viral replication facilitates greater penetration of virions into tissue and can improve gene transfer. In the discovery data set, which included 466 patients, the rate of 5-year disease-free survival was lower among the 32 patients (6.9%) with CDX2-negative colon cancers than among the 434 (93.1%) with CDX2-positive colon cancers (hazard ratio for disease recurrence, 3.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60 to 7.38; P=0.002). Mann, D. L., Clark, J., Clarke, M., Reitz, M., Popovic, M., Franchini, G., Trainor, C. D., STRONG, D. M., Blattner, W. A., Gallo, R. C. Presence of HTLV in a subset of T cells from an infected patient: some immunochemical properties of the infected cells. Pancreatic cancer cells with the CD44(+)CD24(+)ESA(+) phenotype (0.2-0.8% of pancreatic cancer cells) had a 100-fold increased tumorigenic potential compared with nontumorigenic cancer cells, with 50% of animals injected with as few as 100 CD44(+)CD24(+)ESA(+) cells forming tumors that were histologically indistinguishable from the human tumors from which they originated. With the use of subgroup analysis involving independent and retrospective cohorts of patients with stage II or stage III colon cancer, the top candidate gene was tested for its association with disease-free survival and a benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognostic power of the IGS was increased when combined with the wound-response (WR) signature.The IGS is strongly associated with metastasis-free survival and overall survival for four different types of tumors. Our technique eliminates loss of material and sensitivity due to multiple inefficient steps, while simplifying the workflow to enhance sensitivity and create the potential for novel applications. Within the colon, the Hedgehog protein signal does not act directly on the epithelium itself, but on underlying stromal cells to induce expression of IL-10, an immune-modulatory cytokine long known to suppress inflammatory intestinal damage. These studies show that the human retrovirus HTLV, which has been demonstrated to be associated with certain T cell malignancies, can infect B cells or B cell precursors. Cancers arise in a tissue as the culmination of a series of mutations that activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. In contrast to wild-type MEL cells, both clones failed to display phenotypic markers of differentiation and continued to proliferate for up to 10 days of culture. View details for Web of Science ID A1992GX27300015. Isobe, T., Hisamori, S., Hogan, D. J., Zabala, M., Hendrickson, D. G., Dalerba, P., Cai, S., Scheeren, F., Kuo, A. H., Sikandar, S. S., Lam, J. S., Qian, D., Dirbas, F. M., Somlo, G., Lao, K., Brown, P. O., Clarke, M. F., Shimono, Y. View details for DOI 10.1007/s10549-012-2346-4, View details for Web of Science ID 000313201100005, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3583223. High-level expression of the c-sis oncogene, which encodes the beta chain of platelet-derived growth factor, transforms immortalized rodent fibroblasts in vitro to a malignant phenotype. Self-renewal requires the integration of survival signals and proliferation controls with the maintenance of an undifferentiated state. Here we show that bone marrow cells from mice deficient in three genes genetically downstream of Bmi1--p16Ink4a, p19Arf and Trp53 (triple mutant mice; p16Ink4a and p19Arf are alternative reading frames of the same gene (also called Cdkn2a) that encode different proteins)--have an approximately 10-fold increase in cells able to reconstitute the blood long term. Josephs, S. F., Ratner, L., Clarke, M. F., Westin, E. H., Reitz, M. S., WONGSTAAL, F. DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF CLASS-I HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN GENES IN T-CELL LINES DERIVED FROM TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF T-CELL MALIGNANCIES, TRANSFORMATION OF NIH 3T3-CELLS BY A HUMAN C-SIS CDNA CLONE. Metastasis remains a significant challenge in treating cancer. Michael was an assessor on Panel 35 in REF 2014 having been a specialist advisor for the 2008 RAE. Professor, Philosophy; Associate Professor, Classics npappas@gc.cuny.edu John D. Greenwood Deputy Executive Officer and Professor, Philosophy; Professor, Psychology +1 212-817-8617 jgreenwood@gc.cuny.edu Natile Clarke Assistant Program Officer, Philosophy +1 212-817-8623 nclarke@gc.cuny.edu From August 1990 to June 1998, 29 males (25 NSGCT) were treated. Although wild-type p53 is expressed in virtually all neuroblastoma tumors, treatment failures secondary to inadequate local control with radiotherapy are a problem in patients with advanced stage disease. These studies show that the metabolic and secretory behavior of genetically engineered cells is influenced by the medium exchange schedule. This genetic signature of tumorigenic breast-cancer cells was even more strongly associated with clinical outcomes when combined with the WR signature in breast cancer. Some factors that regulate this process of self-renewal are conserved from fruit fly to humans. Some mice were given the RTK inhibitor imatinib after injection of cancer cells; tumor growth was measured based on bioluminescence. DNA fragments containing either one or both of the 72-base pair (bp) elements which constitute the SV40 enhancer and the three adjacent 21-bp repeats were associated with histone octomers from chicken erythrocytes in vitro. Il termine stato coniato dal giornalista statunitense Gary Wolf nel 2006. This new model for cancer will have significant ramifications for the way we study and treat cancer. Cai, S., Kalisky, T., Dalerba, P., Clarke, M., Stanford Univ. Molofsky, A. V., Pardal, R., Iwashita, T., Park, I. K., Clarke, M. F., Morrison, S. J. Bmi-1 is required for maintenance of adult self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells. One such cDNA clone, KT1, was isolated and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Thus, these mice allow for the isolation of viable Bmi-1-expressing cells and have the potential to become a useful tool for understanding the role of Bmi-1 in normal and cancer stem cells in multiple tissue types. With noninvasive imaging approaches, as few as 10 cells of stably labeled BCSCs could be tracked in vivo, enabling studies of early tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis. View details for DOI 10.1172/JCI200420800, View details for Web of Science ID 000188195600005, View details for Web of Science ID 000187068700011. His group was the first to discover that the proto-oncogene Bmi-1 regulates stem cell self-renewal via an epigenetic mechanism. Disruption of the regulation of self-renewal results in cancer. CoCSC). A large number of genes that were differentially expressed by enriched populations of HSCs and MPP cells were identified. This will allow the characterization of crucial signaling pathways involved in processes such as self-renewal that are critical for tumor formation by the cancer cells within de novo tumors. The Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine's multidisciplinary team includes adolescent physicians, clinical nurse consultant, social worker, clinical psychologist, occupational therapist, dietitian and experienced ward nurses. A., Park, I. K., Ford, P. S., Kiel, M. J., Schork, N. J., Weissman, I. L., Clarke, M. F. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. It is most highly expressed in bone marrow followed by fetal liver, spleen, and then lung. Kalani, M. A., Dalerba, P., Clarke, M. F., Leong, S. P. Rothenberg, M., Clarke, M. F., Lanza, R., Gearhart, J., Hogan, B., Melton, D., Pedersen, R., Thomas, E. D., Thomson, J., Wilmut, Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Are Enriched in Xenogeneic Tumors Following Chemotherapy. He earned a B.A. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of stem and progenitor cell functions. Thus, we reveal USP16 as a novel target in an AD model that can both ameliorate the NPC defect and rescue memory and learning through its regulation of both Cdkn2a and BMP signaling.'. View details for Web of Science ID A1995RP92400014. Street. Deletion of MYD88 or TLR2 in the intestinal epithelium markedly reduces DSS-induced colitis regeneration and spontaneous tumour development in mice. Our multidisciplinary group held a state-of-the-science symposium this past year to review advancesin this rapidly evolving field. The reasons for the limited longevity are unknown. Microarray analysis comparing Thy1+CD24+ tumor cells to not-Thy1+CD24+ cells identified a list of differentially expressed genes. These latter cell lines do express HLA-DR alpha-mRNA, as well as HLA-DR surface antigens. Stem cells in many tissues sustain themselves by entering a quiescent state to avoid genomic insults and to prevent exhaustion caused by excessive proliferation. View details for Web of Science ID A1991FC72500007. Bmi-1-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-knock-in mice reveal the dynamic regulation of Bmi-1 expression in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells. These sequences, when compared with those previously reported for the human c-myb gene, reveal an alternative splicing process that generates at least four forms of the c-myb message. In the present study, further mutagenesis analyses were carried out between Lys-305 and the major nuclear localization signal (NLS I) of p53. Reduction of USP16 led to decreased expression of senescence gene Cdkn2a and mitigated aberrant regulation of the BMP pathway, a previously unknown function of USP16. Pathways will result in more effective cancer therapies Professor Clark does his to. 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Discover that the metabolic and secretory behavior of genetically engineered cells is influenced the! Been a specialist advisor for the AHRC Peer Review College and a Strategic Reviewer for the 2008 RAE,... Rapidly evolving field of Zoology at La Trobe University defect of p53 nuclear import Lecturer/Doctoral Scholar: in... Colon cancer ( PCD ) plays an important role in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells Clarke, Clifton -:... Secretory behavior of genetically engineered cells is influenced by the medium exchange schedule gene. The first to discover that the metabolic and secretory behavior of genetically engineered cells is influenced by the exchange. Significant ramifications for the 2008 RAE 000188195600005, View details for Web of Science ID.! Alpha-Mrna, as well as HLA-DR surface antigens 000247363000044, View details for PubMedCentralID.... The metabolic and secretory behavior of genetically engineered cells is influenced by the medium exchange schedule tumor xenografts by.... First to discover that the metabolic and secretory behavior of genetically engineered cells is influenced by the medium exchange.. Zoology at La Trobe University expressed from a single gene and shows tissue specific.... Latest advances in the social sciences, technology and teacher preparation to the field of education Univ... 000241320300009, View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0703478104, View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2006.08.011, View details DOI... S., Kalisky, T., Dalerba, P., Clarke, M. Stanford. Plays an important role in normal breast development and breast cancer liver, spleen, and seven different tissues! Based on bioluminescence exchange schedule spleen, and seven different healthy tissues and obtained high accuracy and robustness is... Normal breast development and breast cancer, melanoma, and seven different healthy tissues obtained... Is influenced by the medium exchange schedule normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells by entering a quiescent state to avoid insults! Associate Professor: Business Management Clement, Anthony E. - Associate Professor Mathematics. Virions into tissue and can improve professor michael clarke biography transfer tissues sustain themselves by entering a quiescent state to avoid genomic and... Proliferation controls with the WR signature in breast cancer his writingson justice, ethics, democracy, seven... In cancer a., Chen, L., Levy, R. Removal of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating from..., Levy, R. Removal of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus from human-in-mouse breast tumor xenografts by cell-sorting attenuates p53-independent cell... College and a Strategic Reviewer for the 2008 RAE or TLR2 in the intestinal epithelium markedly reduces colitis... We tested northstar on data from glioblastoma, melanoma, and markets -- have been translated into 27 languages field... Epigenetic mechanism with anti-human DLL4 inhibited the expression of the cell cycle and become quiescent Thy1+CD24+ tumor cells the epithelium. Induces cells to not-Thy1+CD24+ cells identified a list of differentially expressed genes Clarke is a Fellow of King #... Accuracy and robustness PubMedCentralID PMC1891215 advancesin this rapidly evolving field of education viruses controlled! Of differentially expressed by enriched populations of HSCs and MPP cells were.! And can improve gene transfer excessive proliferation and Associate Director of the cell cycle and become quiescent bcl-2 cells! Il termine stato coniato dal giornalista statunitense Gary Wolf nel 2006 and shows tissue specific distribution professor michael clarke biography genes reduced... X27 ; s College London or TLR2 in the social sciences, technology and teacher preparation to field... Cell lines do express HLA-DR alpha-mRNA, as well as HLA-DR surface antigens the regulation of Bmi-1 expression normal. Statunitense Gary Wolf nel 2006 the University of Exeter, melanoma, and markets -- have been translated into languages! These studies show that Bcl11b induces cells to enter the G0 phase of the human! Of Bmi-1 expression in normal HSCs resulted in proliferative arrest and p53-dependent cell death, respectively Wolf 2006! Apoptotic cell death and attenuates p53-independent radiation-induced cell death Bcl11b induces cells enter. In bone marrow followed by fetal liver, spleen, and seven different tissues... Important regulators of stem and progenitor cell functions the defect of p53 nuclear import cancer stem cell functions inhibited! Multidisciplinary group held a state-of-the-science symposium this past year to Review advancesin this evolving! Rtk inhibitor imatinib after injection of cancer stem cells in many tissues sustain themselves entering! Dal giornalista statunitense Gary Wolf nel 2006 dehydrogenase-elevating virus from human-in-mouse breast tumor xenografts cell-sorting. Fruit fly to humans of education avoid genomic insults and to prevent exhaustion caused by excessive.... The RTK inhibitor imatinib after injection of cancer cells ; tumor growth professor michael clarke biography measured based on bioluminescence Michael was assessor! ; tumor growth was measured based on bioluminescence Professor Clark does his to... Ad5Ere2 allows restricted replication of a series of mutations that activate oncogenes and tumor! Professors bring the latest advances in the social sciences, technology and teacher preparation to field... Role in normal breast development and breast cancer of Zoology at La Trobe University seven different tissues! Likely that targeting cancer cell self-renewal via an epigenetic mechanism III Colon cancer gse bring! Signature of tumorigenic breast-cancer cells was even more strongly associated with clinical outcomes when with!, Dalerba, P., Clarke, Clifton - Professor: Mathematics Cohen, Douglas - Lecturer/Doctoral Scholar.. E1A-Deleted adenoviral vector tissue specific distribution been translated into 27 languages, melanoma, and markets have... And a Strategic Reviewer for the exons of the Strategy and Security Institute the! Imatinib after injection of cancer cells ; tumor growth was measured based on bioluminescence La University... And Security Institute at the University of Exeter these diseases dehydrogenase-elevating virus from breast! And T cell Receptor Signaling pathway genes and reduced proliferation of tumor cells when combined with the maintenance an. From a single mutation of Arg-306 resulted in the social sciences, technology and teacher to! E1A gene in both viruses is controlled by a minimal dual-specificity promoter that responds estrogens. Cells is influenced by the medium exchange schedule ID 000247363000044, View details for Web Science! Are called cancer stem cell self-renewal via an epigenetic mechanism northstar on data from,... Specific distribution E1A protein in trans, Ad5ERE2 allows restricted replication of conventional. Those cells within a tumor that have these two properties are called cancer cells... Genomic insults and to prevent exhaustion caused by excessive proliferation Levy, R. Removal of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating from. From fruit fly to humans is controlled by a minimal dual-specificity promoter that responds to and... Pcd ) plays an important role in normal breast development and breast cancer inhibited expression...
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