When you hear about an elevator accident in the news, you're only hearing about it because those kinds of accidents are now thankfully very rare. First Paternoster was built in 1884 by the engineering firm of engineering firm of J & E Hall in Dartford, England. After police put out a call to the public for information on the hit and run and the vehicle through local media, Hort came forward through his attorney to say he might have been involved in the crash, according to the affidavit. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In an interview with police, Hort explained that he was fishing that day in the area of Elk and Pine creeks, according to the affidavit. endobj [7][15] As of 2015[update], Germany had 231 paternosters. About 112 miles southwest of Johannesburg, South Africa lies the small town of Orkney. Because of fears the unstoppable open cabins might one day slice a passenger in half. We have one in the library at the University of Essex too. We had paternoster lifts at my university until someone sensibly decided that they were just about the most dangerous invention after guns, and they were closed down (several years after my departure). Heres all you need to know, Understanding the basics of singing in this quick guide for beginners, Pancake Challenge Challenging American Food Traditions, How to tell if you are allergic to hair products (and fix the issue), The Lottery (1969) A chilling short film that will leave you speechless, Stay or Go top 20! The following locations have paternosters: In the Netherlands, seven paternoster lifts could be found in 2012, some of which were still operational: View of a working paternoster. stream <> Community Rules apply to all content you upload or otherwise submit to this site. UKAEA Winfrith Heath Dorset 4 floor Administration Building. He lauds the contraption as a profoundly poetic machine that imparted to the ordinary, quotidian action of taking an elevator a certain existential edge of drama.. March 9, 2021 by Jonathan Greene. Because of fears the unstoppable open cabins might one day slice a passenger in half. It was really bizarre feeling the edge of those floors against my stomach. A paternoster (/petrnstr/, /p-/, or /p-/) or paternoster lift is a passenger elevator which consists of a chain of open compartments (each usually designed for two people) that move slowly in a loop up and down inside a building without stopping. 81 0 obj While such things did exist before Otis, they were typically operated by ropes and pulleys that were tugged on by a regular human. continental Europe because they could achieve much higher flow of passengers than in ordinary elevators. Seven years ago, its patent was registered by a British engineer named Peter Hart. The fatality. The widely publicized 1989 paternoster accident at Newcastle University's Claremont Tower caused 18th-month close-down of all paternosters in the UK, prompting detailed safety review of all working model, installing additional safety devices and in some cases, installing traditional elevators in their place. Its much the same as a paternoster except for the absence of the compartment. The ladder broke, the lift was damaged and he was unharmed (just made fun of for a few following years). That said, it looks there have been several deaths attributed to the pater noster, according to the Wikipedia page on it. It's not uncommon for people to take off weeks or, in this case, even a whole month to celebrate. 75 0 obj Creepiest of all, when her body was found, her hands were discovered to be badly injured. Mangetout June 26, 2014, 10:37am #7. Using simple components like an old wagon spring, Otis successfully figured out how to halt a falling platform if the rope carrying it broke. What is, however, is the buildup of gasses that might be toxic or even explosive. %%EOF It turned out that the elevator, only rated to carry eight people, had been overloaded, which caused the mechanism to fail. Manufacturer ThyssenKrupp is said to be working on a paternoster-inspired system that can run both vertically and horizontally, called MULTI. If theres any upward pressure on that, it should stop the lift. You have to react to get back . The fatal accident happened in September 1975. We simply don't know. 4 0 obj [citation needed], The highest paternoster lift in the world was located in Stuttgart in the 16-floor Tagblatt tower, which was completed in 1927. Each lift had a guard which would take it to certain floors, eg: 5, 10, 15. Several shocked witnessed, who had also been a part of the tour, were offered counselling. The accidents happen mainly because ladders are used for wrong purposes, such as transporting bulky items, or for the elderly or children. This is perfectly encapsulated by a story out of Fujian Province on October 30, 2008. A 1990s AP story reported "at least" five deaths since 1970. Thankfully, some of the workers on board survived. They seem to be of an age where health and safety considerations were not as prominent in the workplace. As you can see there is a conventional lift directly opposite. If you purchase a product or register for an account through one of the links on our site, we may receive compensation. On May 10, 1995, a train used to transport materials to, from, and around the mine went off track, smashed through a safety barrier, and sped right toward an open mine shaft. At least thats what I was told. Accident. xc```g`` a`a`f` &E:kKz,eykzqd8u Tg4W7W+ZHB7xiQ H32k0l! Yes, but don't venture into the UNDERWOLD! All it needs is once wag to put a brick in the wrong place and the whole building cant use it until its found. How much higher is up for debate, of course, and not something that's feasible to cover in a list about elevators instead of Chinese politics, but suffice to say, things were somewhat different. ", "Ride This Bizarre, Old-School Elevator Before They All Shut Down", "Paternoster: Aufzug mit Charme und Risiko", "Dodelijk ongeluk liftschacht was op renie", "This elevator can be hazardous to your health", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, "Trapped: First Year Student Rescued by Firemen", "Lovin' their elevator: why Germans are loopy about their revolving lifts", "Development of basic drive technology improve innovative transportation capacity of the elevator "circulating multi-car elevator", "Circulating Multi-Car Elevator System 'Exponential increase in carrying capacity', "Life's a 'Paternoster' (and then you fly)", Saint-Gilles Gare du Midi et btiments annexes, "Na pot se znovu rozbhl star pternoster", "Landtag SH State Parliament of Schleswig-Holstein", "Going Up: Berlin's surviving Paternoster elevators", "Zato se korisnici pomole pre ulaska u jedan beogradski lift? I wish I lived in the past where everything was awesome and dangerous and we just didn't know it. It does all this without stopping, and passengers step on and off at any floor they like. Why are mirrors in the elevator often fitted? To enforce this, gates have been built across the entrances. Accidents have occurred when they have been misused for transporting bulky items, such as ladders or library trolleys. 0000000015 00000 n The original management block 'A Block', and the later engineering building 'E Block'had paternoster lifts. Paternoster Row, once the centre of the London publishing trade, destroyed during the Blitz, replaced by: Paternoster Square, an urban development in London Paternoster Gang, a trio of recurring fictitious characters in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, whose headquarters was on Paternoster Row In fact, the elevator shafts of the World Trade Center buildings were found by experts to have aided the fires in spreading after the fact. One of the biggest brands of elevators you'll see (if you pay attention to that sort of thing) in buildings are the ones made by Otis Elevator Company. Accidents have occurred when they have been misused for transporting bulky items, such as ladders or library trolleys. University's Claremont Tower caused 18th-month close-down of all paternosters in the UK, prompting detailed safety review of all working model, installing After the bad crash on August 13 at the European Championships, Letizia Paternoster wanted to reassure fans a few days ago, "I'm quite well, I've been better though. [oY- Td\?N5O$M404cc)OHl]h2/_Y_iU4>l,}9L'_-,#yT) ,>#k1}H,?G~C**"hL:Vg8/|BAa Wg@r!'M.zBPj1 o0PTv xi"YFDEvGb K\X9vP&cAm%eXH=d9}m[sGRka/RKjP9(NT"6dN(x" <> [10], The construction of new paternosters is no longer allowed in many countries, such as Germany,[which?] To agree to this, please click Accept. [11] Elderly people, disabled people and children are most vulnerable.[12]. Many elevator shafts were damaged by the initial impacts, and experts have determined that many of the elevator-related deaths that day probably occurred then. Im not sure what the flap mechanism that is mentioned on other pages looks like exactly. $.' Investigators were able to identify the suspects vehicle as a Honda Pilot between 2012 and 2015, according to the affidavit. A paternoster or paternoster lift is an elevator which consists of a chain of open compartments (each usually designed for two persons) that move slowly in a loop up and down inside a building without stopping. falls, or even fatal accidents. What caused the elevator to fall? 74 0 obj Ive ridden a belt manlift elevator. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. If you've ever had to sit through one of those gory work safety videos, you probably have some idea of what industrial accidents can do to people. For more information on how we use cookies, read our. Genius or guillotine: would you get in a Paternoster lift? Paternoster - The most dangerous elevator in the world, 6 types of deadly pitfalls common in ancient tombs, The most spectacular elevator works in the world, March 23, 1857: The first elevator is put into use. The use of a "A" type ladder in paternoster is not the "use-case" that designers prepared for. Paternoster elevators are intended only for transporting people. Much like Orkney, one of its biggest industries is gold mining. This was caused by a buildup of methane gas, which is highly explosive. corrosion to lead to accidents similar to this. With increasingly tight restrictions and considerable maintenance costs limiting the operations of Europes remaining paternosters, many fall into disuse every year. News. On June 3, 1993, a work site in Hong Kong had its elevator collapse, falling 17 stories and killing 12 workers, one of whom was only 16-years-old and working while on holiday from school, according to the South China Morning Post. evolve. !!9E\0H0A&"0Az HI,AH"A7?S#s?#r-cO"x yg,rDp!s!T#{BF2qh5`B754oi#720 The mans autopsy showed bruising that matched the shape of the hood bracket on the Pilot. [li]Pass your course[/li][li]Go all the way round the paternoster.[/li][/ul]. What's striking about this is, despite being one of the deadliest elevator accidents in history, the story barely got a mention in most news outlets, and even the ones that did report on it also made it a point to add a few lines noting that Chinese safety standards are woefully lax. In the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin another paternoster is in use. So why is that company such a big deal? 0 Leicester Universitys Attenborough Tower had a paternoster. Risley, Cheshire Former United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) site, now Birchwood Park Business Park. Video of the paternoster. << /Ascent 833 /AvgWidth 600 /CapHeight 666 /Descent 300 /Flags 35 /FontBBox [ -250 -250 702 1000 ] /FontName /CourierNewPS-BoldMT /ItalicAngle 0 /MaxWidth 748 /StemV 191 /Type /FontDescriptor /XHeight 466 >> It doesn't have a lot of residents, but what it does have is a huge gold mine known as Vaal Reefs. (now, Birmingham Dental School. There's no button, you simply step into the phone booth-sized box. Someone recently died in an old paternoster in Copenhagen. This 1969 short film is the first adapta words Alexa Wang The internet has become a necessity in We use cookies on this website to make your experience better. I didnt have any classes in the Arts Tower, but went in there just to ride the lift. This is a much quicker way of getting people into the building because the high speed lifts don't have to stop as often. paternoster at Arts Tower, University of Sheffield - YouTube. [9], Paternoster elevators are intended only for transporting people. The incident triggered a complete safety review of the coal mining industry in England, something that had actually been proposed by the Yorkshire Divisional Inspector of Mines and Quarries just days before the Markham Colliery accident. David Paternoster, 34, of Claycomo, Mo., died in the crash of a twin-engine plane that went down on July 29, 2006, killing the pilot and five others and injuring two, shortly after takeoff from. Despite extraordinary damage to his Honda Pilot, Christopher Craig Hort left the scene of a crash in Centre County this spring thinking he had hit a deer, according to court documents. During that time steam elevators I believe that overhand on the top (where the guys head would be) is the safety mechanism in this type of paternoster. In David Lodges Changing Places, a paternoster hosts a chase involving the American academic Morris Zapp. I dont see any reason why you couldnt put a pressure sensor or whatever and make them safer. R$*\y=x/:W-+Z9WD%)MxrSbw% mJZc> Only three have been identified outside Europe: one in Malaysia, one in Sri Lanka and another in Peru. Period between 1850 and early 1900s was remembered as one of the most innovative times in the history of elevators. After the bad crash on August 13 at the European Championships, Letizia Paternoster wanted to reassure fans a few days ago, "I'm quite well, I've been better though. The store opened in March 1962 and was demolished in 1988. But Elisha Otis set out to change that by inventing the very first elevator emergency brake, according to Time. [3] By far, most remaining paternosters are in Europe, with 230 examples in Germany and 68 in Czechia. All it takes is one kid to stick his finger in that. With gold mining, as in most forms of mining, elevator accidents aren't actually common enough to be a big concern. In September 1975, the paternoster in Newcastle University's Claremont Tower was taken out of service after a passenger was killed when a car left its guide rail at the top of its journey and forced the two cars ascending behind it into the winding room above. 2 0 obj endstream Typically, cabins are able to accommodate two people at a time. Quite funny and scary at the same time. The passenger window had no dirt or debris on it from the windshield to the roof rack, appearing to investigators like it had been wiped down, according to the affidavit. Hort said the impact caused a loud boom but he believed that he only sideswiped a deer, according to the affidavit. 1:22. You did need good timing and visual depth perception to step on and off, though. For an elevator accident that had far fewer casualties, but was still completely terrifying, look no further than a story out of Xi'an, China from March of 2016. So how does a paternoster elevator work? [2], The construction of new paternosters was stopped in the mid-1970s out of concern for safety, but public sentiment has kept many of the remaining examples open. Peter Ellis installed the first paternoster lifts in Oriel Chambers, Liverpool in 1868. A prototype was launched in February 2013. HMfaT)Y2 PA9 An9s7$E_;0 On September 13, 2012 at a construction site in Wuhan, witnesses say they saw a construction elevator loaded with workers rise very quickly to the building's top, followed by the cable snapping and the elevator car falling all the way back down. The paternoster elevator design never stops, it just moves slowly enough for people to jump on an off. I believed it. This first system outside of Great Britain already had the technology that would later become common, but was still driven by steam power like the British systems. Not without cause: Between 1970 and 1993, five people were killed by paternosters, including a widely publicized paternoster accident at Newcastle University in the UK in 1989. While a safety brake was supposed to engage to prevent a complete drop, this also failed. Whats ironic is that we used to scare freshers (students that had just arrived) with various urban legends about the lifts; that if you didnt get off at the top floor youd end up getting chewed by the mechanism, or that the lift turned upside-down at the top. First, imagine a regular elevator, but instead of a car with doors that close, it's a series of open, continuously moving booths, one side up and one side down, according to Smithsonian Magazine. And the carriages are tiny (theres barely room for 2 people), so its kind of like riding a coffin. 1. pall25091 2 yr. ago. The Centre Daily Times has identified the man. Little more than two thousand years ago the age of elevators begun with the first experimentations done by Roman and Greek engineers and mathematicians who This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 17:50. JFIF ` ` C In Sweden there is at least one functional Paternoster lift at HSB-huset, Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Agenda 2020 The Albert Sloman Library at the, On 8 December 2017 it was announced that the paternoster in the, Birmingham College of Food, Tourism & Creative Studies, Summer Row, Birmingham. stream "These elevators are part of industrial history," they said. In 2012, an 81-year-old man was killed when he fell into a paternoster shaft in The Hague, Netherlands. All told, only about 100 people actually managed to escape from elevators on September 11. endobj On June 3, 1993, a work site in Hong Kong had its elevator collapse, falling 17 stories and killing 12 workers, one of whom was only 16-years-old and working while on holiday from school, according to the South China Morning Post. endobj In the former post office on the Coolsingel 42 in Rotterdam: disused. I went to De Montfort too, and used the paternoster a lot because it was the non-stair route to the canteen and I was pregnant and anaemic, making stairs difficult. 78 0 obj Paternoster-style elevator at Stuttgart City Hall. The paternoster was then modified & safety trips made more sensitive and reliable. (and especially after early 1970s) paternosters became less and less used because of the risk of injury. I go over the top in ours all the time. 0000110809 00000 n California. There are 231 surviving examples of paternoster passenger lifts in Germany alone, where there was a significant wave of resistance to a Government attempt to ban the conveyor belt-style systems in 1994. [14] A conventional lift replaced it in 19891990. Learning to drive late in life can be words Alexa Wang Years ago I stopped wearing any kind o words Alexa Wang Singing is an amazing pastime and it c An internationally underrated feat of engineering is fa How better to celebrate Shrove Tuesday than by stuffing words Al Woods Did you know that over 20% of the world words Alexa Wang Are you looking for Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your Privacy Choices and Rights (each updated 1/26/2023). Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8-RdjCll0w, paternoster at Arts Tower, University of Sheffield - YouTube. Just one working example of the innovative passenger lifts survives in London, at the Northwick Park Hospital in Harrow. The widely publicized 1989 paternoster accident at Newcastle % Instead of using cables, this elevator used a series of gears, whose teeth hooked into a vertical rail built into the building. [7], In April 2006, Hitachi announced plans for a modern paternoster-style elevator with computer-controlled cars and standard elevator doors to alleviate safety concerns. View Comments. 14 January 2022 T ributes have been paid to a father killed in a horror smash which also claimed the lives of a woman and her dog. 0000102641 00000 n It is estimated that the accident risk of the Paternoster ladder is 30 times higher than that of a conventional elevator. The London Eye is a bit like a big, circular one of these . The elevator car was sent plummeting down shaft 10, a 4,521-foot pit and just one of many like it, according to UPI. Found a picture of one. 76 0 obj There was a paternoster in the Co-op's six-storey Fairfax House department store, in Bristol's Broadmead shopping centre. In April 2006, Hitachi announced plans for a modern paternoster-style elevator with computer-controlled compartments and standard doors to alleviate safety concerns. How to handle when the elevator falls freely, Rules for choosing a place in the elevator. }_Ib4J[(j^kG5_w DEa#jk0/D u(A0G]KC__w [ B9Ax HCnd05, In 2012, an 81-year-old man was killed when he fell into the shaft of a paternoster in the Dutch city of The Hague. Win a Samsung Galaxy S8 with giffgaff, Ultimate guide to buying the best washer dryers, 3 Great Advantages of Appium over Selenium, 6 Tips For Designing Your Online Invitations, 7 Tips For Creating Great Marketing Content. In 1877, British engineer Peter Hart obtained a patent on the first paternoster. [10] The risk involved is estimated as 30 times higher than conventional elevators. Sports. What's a bit different about this elevator crash is how the elevator actually operated. These cookies do not store any personal information. 1 0 obj By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The one time I used one (20 + years ago) these sort of features were not evident, but perhaps they were there. Theyve still got one at Sheffield Uni Arts Tower; I went there, and so did my missus, and my daughter is there at the moment. You can totally go over the top and around underneath, people do it all the time (or did it, when I studied there). The German government at least twice wanted to close this "deadly" model, but it received strong opposition from the public. Passengers can step on or off at any floor they like. Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus, Berlin, View from inside a working paternoster. Getting out too late runs the risk of serious injury, as body parts (or entire bodies) can and have gotten caught between the moving booth and the floor or ceiling outside. 0.5?) :smack: I think they showed one of the those in the movie The Omen. 0000112501 00000 n 0000102614 00000 n There were no safety devices that we were aware of. The accidents happen mainly because ladders are used for wrong purposes, such as transporting bulky items, or for the elderly or children. Therein lies another problem, though: Who wants to walk up all those stairs? After the first couple of shots on it, it was easy enough to use. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8-RdjCll0w. 0000118241 00000 n Mining is already dangerous enough, what with the risk of cave-ins, toxic gases, and the possibility of long-term illness. 0000001779 00000 n << /Annots 82 0 R /Contents 83 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 594 845.7594 ] /LastModified (D:20050805203752) /MediaBox [ 0 0 594 846 ] /Parent 58 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /GS0 97 0 R /GS1 84 0 R >> /Font << /T1_0 98 0 R /TT0 89 0 R /TT1 88 0 R /TT2 92 0 R /TT3 96 0 R /TT4 91 0 R /TT5 80 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ] /XObject << /Im0 81 0 R >> >> /Rotate 0 /Thumb 59 0 R /Type /Page >> It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. In the central office of National Tax and Duty Administration Budapest. %PDF-1.5 It was in shaft #2 of this gold mine that one of the deadliest elevator accidents in history occurred. 0000000897 00000 n If a cable breaks in an elevator, it's very likely that the emergency brake will save your life, and you don't have to get all out of breath, too. 0000118367 00000 n The Arts Tower at the University of Sheffield has a paternoster lift said to be the longest in the world, with 38 passenger cars. | Upoznaj Beograd", "Paternostery p ukrytch pokladov Bratislavy", "The largest Paternoster elevator in the world Doobybrain.com", "University of Sheffield's paternoster lift still going strong", "Why students say university 'death lift' must be saved", "Historic Attenborough Tower Leicester University lift to be removed", "University closes rare lift 'with a heavy heart', "LSE Blog: Going high rise at Clare Market", "Arrivederci Pontecorvo Building - University of Glasgow", "Paternoster lift in the Chemistry Tower (picture, 1986)", "British Airways - Viscount House, Heathrow Airport", A look at the last remaining paternoster lifts, Information and photos regarding the GEC Marconi paternoster featured in "The Prisoner" TV series, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paternoster_lift&oldid=1141361093, A paternoster lift dating from 1958 survives in, In Prague, Charles University -Faculty of Law, In Brno, Brno Technical University Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Technick 2896/2, In Brno, Brno Municipality Malinovskho nm. additional safety devices and in some cases, installing traditional elevators in their place. But as with all technologies, the paternoster is destined to evolve: In April 2006, Hitachi announced plans for a modern paternoster-style elevator This time, with doors, and computer-controlled cars. The personnel elevator car, normally two stories tall, had been crushed down to a single story, and it had been full of workers at the time of the crash. One of the more intriguing designs of powered by coal fire started being used in industry and coal mine, but soon more streamlined and user-friendly elevators stated appearing in public places, I work in this building! Around 50 miles south of the Vaal Reefs gold mine in Orkney, South Africa, where 104 workers lost their lives in a mining elevator accident, is the town of Welkom. It has happened . According to the police, the man had his head crushed in a Paternoster elevator an old-school type lift that consists of a chain of open compartments that move in a loop up and down inside a building without stopping. 2023 Advance Local Media LLC. Great fun, and efficient. << /Filter /FlateDecode /S 142 /Length 183 >> Everyone on board the elevator, 104 people all told, were killed in the accident. CI2@Gjar/Ax XAG#8f G^L5!"B2vCKTjGA!5 They will be saying that in the future too. Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus, Berlin, Paternoster in the House of Industry, Vienna (offices of the Federation of Austrian Industries), built c. 1910, Paternoster in Vienna City Hall, built c. 1918, Paternoster at the headquarters of Axel Springer SE, View from inside a paternoster in Berlin, showing floor slab, View from working paternoster in the Albert Sloman Library, University of Essex, prior to 2014, Paternoster machinery in the offices of the Czech Republic's Ministry of Transport, Prague, Last edited on 24 February 2023, at 17:50, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Oxford University Department of Engineering Science, "Is It Time for Germany's Doorless Elevators to Move On? named Cyclic Elevator, but it was soon embraced around the England and Europe as paternoster (named after first two words of the Lord's Prayer in Latin that time was the discovery of Paternoster, ever-revolving passenger elevator that consisted of a chain of open compartments (which usually carried only Some of this is due to more exposure, as elevator repairers and installers are around them all day at work, but also because a regular passenger will likely never get close to the machinery that makes the elevator run. G GodofWine Member Dec 15, 2011 #111 I would guess a modern paternoster could be built with appropriate sensors to stop the lift mechanism in the event of stray limbs? People gather around during these 3 MVPs of smart home tech words Al Woods Smartphones are everywhere, and words Al Woods More and more businesses are turning to content creation as a words Alexa Wang Photo byBrian LundquistonUnsplash Gold has been a prized metal for decades, Intrepid fashion, music, art, film, technology & culture magazine. ",#(7),01444'9=82. I was on one of these, I think maybe in Vienna or Prague, and was scared shitless. endobj Surely the momentum of the system is going to render any such safety cutoff a bit impotent, isnt it? endobj If you were alive then, you might remember exactly where you were and what you were doing when you found out, a so-called flashbulb moment. << /BaseFont /CourierNewPS-BoldMT /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /FontDescriptor 79 0 R /LastChar 255 /Subtype /TrueType /Type /Font /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >>
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